Paar, Jack Harold  US comedian & television host; 1st host of show "The Tonight Show" 1957-1962 (orig. "The Jack Paar Show") _1918--
Paasikivi, Juho Kusti  Finnish businessman & polit.; prime min. of Finland 1944-1946; pres. of Finland 1946-1956 _1870-1956
Paasio, [Kustaa] Rafael  Finnish editor & polit.; prime min. of Finland 1966-1968, 1972 _1903-1980
Paca, William  US polit. in American Revolution; gov. of Maryland 1782-1785 _1740-1799
Pace, Frank Jr.  US admin.; director of Bureau of Budget 1949-1950; secy. of army 1950-1953; chairman of Public Broadcasting Corp. 1968-1972 _1912-1988
Pacheco, Romualdo  US polit.; gov. of California 1875; 1st Hispanic in Congress 1879 _1831-1899
Pachelbel, Johann  Ger. composer, musician, & organist _1653-1706
Pacino, Alfred James (Al)  US movie actor _1940--
Pacius, Fredrik  Finnish composer; composed Finnish national anthem "Maamme" (also "Our Land"; tune adopted for Estonian national anthem) _1809-1891
Packard, James Ward  US automobile industrialist with brother William Packard _1863-1928
Packard, William Doud  US automobile industrialist with brother James Packard _1861-1923
Packer, Alferd  US cannibal _1842-1907
Packer, William Fisher  US polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1858-1861 _1807-1870
Packwood, Robert William (Bob)  US Rep. polit.; Senator from Oregon 1969--; chairman of Senate Finance Committee 1985-1987 _1932--
Paderewski, Ignace Jan  Pol. composer, patriot, pianist, & polit.; prime min. of Poland 1919; pres. of Poland 1940-1941 _1860-1941
Padmore, George (orig. Malcolm Ivan Meredith Nurse)  Ghanaian (Trinidadian-born) Pan-African agitator & polit.; advisor to Kwame Nkrumah _1902?-1959
Paeniu, Bikenbibeu  Tuvalu polit.; prime min. of Tuvalu 1989-- _19XX--
Paez, Jose Antonio  Venezuelan dictator, gen., & polit.; 1st pres. of Venezuela 1830-1831, 1831, 1831-1835, 1839-1843, 1861-1863 _1790-1873
Paganini, Niccolo  It. composer & violinist _1782-1840
Page, Earle Christmas Grafton, Sir  Austr. polit.; prime min. of Australia 1939 _1880-1961
Page, John  US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1802-1805 _1743-1808
Page, Robert Morris  US engineer; helped develop radar _1903-1992
Page, Thomas Nelson  US diplomat & nov. _1853-1922
Page, Walter Hines  US diplomat & journalist _1855-1918
Page, William Tyler  US admin.; wrote American's Creed _1868-1942
Paget, James, Sir  Eng. pathologist & surgeon _1814-1899
Paget, Sidney Edward  Eng. illustrator; illustrated Sherlock Holmes stories _1860-1908
Paglia, Camille  US aut. & critic; wrote essay collections "Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson" 1990, "Sex, Art, and American Culture" 1992 _1947--
Paige, Leroy Robert (Satchel)  US baseball player _1906-1982
Paine, Albert Bieglow  US aut. _1861-1937
Paine, Elizabeth  American adulteress; inspiration for character Hester Prynne in novel "The Scarlet Letter" _1652-1704
Paine, Thomas  US (Eng.-born) patriot & political philos. _1737-1809
Paine, Thomas Otten  US admin. & engineer; admin. of NASA 1968-1970 _1921-1992
Pais, Abraham  US (Dutch-born) biographer & phys.; wrote "Subtle is the Lord" 1983, "Inward Bound" 1986, "Niels Bohr's Times" 1991, "Einstein Lived Here" 1994 _1918--
Paiva, Felix  Paraguayan polit.; acting pres. of Paraguay 1921; pres. of Paraguay 1937-1939 _1877-1965
Pakenham, Edward Michael, Sir  Brit. (Irish-born) gen.; defeated & killed at battle of New Orleans _1778-1815
Pakula, Alan  US movie director & producer; directed movies "All the President's Men" 1976, "Sophie's Choice" 1982, "Presumed Innocent" 1990, "The Pelican Brief" 1993 _1928--
Palade, George Emil  US (Romanian-born) biologist; NP Med. 1974 _1912--
Palance, Jack (orig. Walter Palanuik)  US actor _1920--
Palden Thondup [Namgyal] (also Palden Thendup rNamgyal)  last king of Sikkim 1963-1975; deposed; son of Tashi Namgyal _1923-1982
Paleckis, Justas Ignovich  Lithuanian Soviet Communist polit.; premier of Lithuania 1940-1980 _1899-1980
Palestrina, Giovanni Periluigi da  It. composer & organist _1526?-1594
Paley, William  Eng. philos. & theol. _1743-1805
Paley, William S.  US broadcasting industrialist; pres. of CBS 1928-1946; CEO of CBS 1928-1977; chairman of CBS 1946-1983 _1901-1989
Palgrave, Francis Turner  Eng. critic & poet _1824-1897
Palin, Michael Edward  Brit. actor & comedian; member of Monty Python's Flying Circus _1943--
Palladio, Andrea  It. architect _1518-1580
Palma, Jose  Philippine lyricist; wrote original Sp. version of Philippine national anthem _1876-1903
Palma, Jose Joaquin  Guatemalan lyricist; wrote Guatemalan national anthem _1844-1911
Palme, [Sven] Olof Joachim  Swed. polit.; prime min. of Sweden 1969-1976, 1982-1986; Swed. foreign minister 1973; assassinated _1927-1986
Palmer, Alexander Mitchell  US polit.; Atty. Gen. 1919-1921 _1872-1936
Palmer, Alice Elvira (nee Freeman)  US educator; wife of George Palmer _1855-1902
Palmer, Arnold Daniel  US golfer _1929--
Palmer, Daniel David  US chiropractor _1845-1913
Palmer, George Herbert  US educator & scholar; husband of Alice Palmer _1842-1933
Palmer, James Alvin (Jim)  US baseball player; pitcher for Baltimore Orioles 1966-1984 _1945--
Palmer, John McAuley  US polit.; gov. of Illinois 1869-1873 _1817-1900
Palmer, Robert  US computer businessman; CEO of Digital Equipment Corp. 1992-- _1941--
Palmerston, Viscount (Henry John Temple; Pam)  Eng. diplomat & polit.; Brit. prime min. 1855-1858, 1859-1865 _1784-1865
Palmgren, Selim  Finnish composer & pianist _1878-1951
Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (also Viajaya Pandit; orig. Swarup Kumari Nehru; nee Nehru)  Indian diplomat; 1st female pres. of UN General Assembly 1953-1954; sister of Jawaharlal Nehru _1900-1990
Panic, Milan  US (Serbian Yugoslavian-born) businessman & polit.; prime min. of Yugoslavia 1992 _1929--
Panetta, Leon Edward  US polit.; chairman of House Budget Committee 1989-1993; director of Office of Management & Budget 1993-1994 (OMB); White House chief of staff 1994-- _1938--
Panin, Boris Vladimirovich  Rus. polit.; prime min. of Russia 1916 _1848-1917
Panini  Indian Sanskrit grammarian _3XXb
Pankhurst, Christabel Harriette, Dame  Brit. suffragist; daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst _1880-1958
Pankhurst, Emmeline (nee Goulden)  Eng. suffragist _1858-1928
Pannini, Giovanni Paolo (also Giovanni Paolo Panini)  It. painter _1691-1765
Paoli, Pasquale  Corsican nationalist, patriot, & polit.; liberated Corsica from Genoa 1755; pres. of Corsica 1755-1769; overthrown by French _1725-1807
Papadopoulos, George  Gk. polit.; military ruler of Greece 1967-1973; regent of Greece 1972-1973; pres. of Greece 1973 _1919--
Papagos, Alexander  Gk. gen. & polit.; prime min. of Greece 1952-1955 _1883-1955
Papandreou, Andreas George  Gk. polit.; prime min. of Greece 1981-1989, 1993--; son of George Papandreou _1919--
Papandreou, George Andreas  Gk. polit.; prime min. of Greece 1944, 1963, 1964-1965 _1888-1968
Papanicolaou, George Nicholas  US (Gk.-born) anatomist & physician; creator & eponym of pap smear test _1883-1962
Papen, Franz von  Ger. diplomat & polit.; chancellor of Germany 1932 _1879-1969
Papin, Denis  Fr. inventor & phys. _1647?-1712
Papineau, Louis Joseph  Can. polit. & rebel leader in Lower Canada _1786-1871
Papini, Giovanni  It. philos. _1881-1956
Papp, Joseph (Joe; orig. Joseph Papirofsky)  US theater producer; founded New York Shakespeare Festival 1954; produced shows "Hair" 1967, "The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel" 1971, "A Chorus Line" 1975 _1921-1991
Pappenheim, Gottfried Heinrich  Ger. gen. _1594-1632
Pappus of Alexandria  Gk. math. _3XX
Paracelsus, Philippus Aureolus (orig. Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim)  Ger. (Swi.-born) alchemist & physician _1493-1541
Pardee, George Cooper  US polit.; gov. of California 1903-1907 _1857-1941
Pare, Ambroise  Fr. surgeon; father of modern surgery _1517?-1590
Parent, Simon Napoleon  Can. Quebecois polit.; premier of Quebec 1900-1905 _1855-1920
Pareto, Vilfredo  It. economist & sociologist _1848-1923
Parhon, Constantin Ion  Romanian Communist polit.; pres. of Romania 1948-1952 _1874-1969
Paris, [Bruno Paulin] Gaston  Fr. philologist _1839-1903
Paris, Matthew  Eng. historian & monk _1200?-1259
Parish, Dorothy May (Sister; nee Kinnicutt)  US interior decorator; redecorated White House for Kennedys _1910-1994
Parizeau, Jacques  Can. Quebecois polit.; Quebecois finance minister 1976-1984; leader of Parti Quebecois 1988--; premier of Quebec 1994--; supporter of secession of Quebec _1930--
Park Chung Hee  S. Korean army officer, dictator, & polit.; pres. of S. Korea 1962-1979; assassinated _1917-1979
Park, Mungo  Scot. explorer in Africa _1771-1806
Parker, Alton Brooks  US polit.; Dem. pres. cand. 1904 _1852-1926
Parker, Bonnie  US bank robber & murder; killed by Texas Rangers; partner of Clyde Barrow _1911-1934
Parker, Charles Christopher (Charlie; Bird, Yardbird)  US jazz composer, improviser, musician, & alto saxophonist; developer of bebop _1920-1955
Parker, Dorothy (nee Rothschild)  US aut., humorist, poet, & wit; member of the Algonquin Wits _1893-1967
Parker, George Leroy (Butch Cassidy)  US outlaw; partner of Harry Longabauch (the Sundance Kid) _1867-1912
Parker, George Swinnerton  US game inventor & industrialist _1866-1952
Parker, Gilbert, Sir  Can. aut. _1862-1932
Parker, Matthew  Eng. prelate & reformer; archbishop of Canterbury 1559-1575 _1504-1575
Parker, Theodore  US Unitarian clergyman _1810-1860
Parkes, Henry, Sir  Austr. polit. _1815-1896
Parkinson, Cyril Northcote (C. Northcote Parkinson)  Brit. political sci.; discoverer & eponym of Parkinson's law _1909-1993
Parkinson, James  Eng. paleontologist & surgeon; explained death by appendicitis; describer 1817 & eponym of Parkinson's disease _1755-1824
Parkman, Francis  US historian _1823-1893
Parks, Rosa  US black civil rights leader; sparked Montgomery bus boycott 1955-1956 _1913--
Parmenides  Gk. natural philos. _515b?-4XXb
Parmigianino, Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzuoli (also Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola Parmigiano)  It. painter _1503-1540
Parnell, Charles Stewart  Irish nationalist leader _1846-1891
Parodi, Alexandre  Fr. diplomat & polit.; 1st Fr. ambassador to UN 1946-1949 _1901-1979
Parr, Catherine  Eng. 6th wife of Henry VIII 1543 _1512-1548
Parra, Aquileo  Colombian polit.; pres. of Colombia 1876-1877, 1877-1878 _1825-1900
Parri, Ferruccio  It. polit.; 1st postwar provisional prime min. of Italy 1945 _1890-1981
Parrington, Vernon Louis  US literary historian _1871-1929
Parrish, Maxfield  US illustrator & painter _1870-1966
Parry, William Edward, Sir  Eng. explorer _1790-1855
Parsons, Richard Dean  US banker & businessman; CEO & chairman of Dime Savings Bank 1990-1994; pres. of Time Warner Inc. 1994-- _1948--
Parsons, William  Irish astronomer _1800-1867
Parton, Dolly Rebecca  US country singer & movie actress _1946--
Partridge, Eric Honeywood  Eng. (New Zealand-born) linguist & English language expert _1894-1979
Pascal, Blaise  Fr. math., phys., & theol.; developed probability theory; discovered cycloid; inventor of early computing device; stated Pascal's wager _1623-1662
Pascal-Trouillot, Ertha (nee Pascal)  Haitian polit.; pres. of Haiti 1990-1991 _1943--
Pasch, Moritz  Ger. math. _1843-1933?
Paschal  It. antipope 687 _6XX-692
Paschal I  It. pope 817-824 _7XX-824
Paschal II (orig. Rainerius)  It. pope 1099-1118 _10XX-1118
Paschal III (orig. Guido of Cremona)  It. antipope 1164-1168 _11XX-1168
Paschen, Louis Carl Heinrich Friedrich  Ger. phys. & spectroscopist; eponym of Paschen series of spectral lines _1865-1976
Pasic, Nikola  Serbian-Yugoslavian polit.; prime min. of Serbia 1912-1918; 1st prime min. of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, & Slovenes 1918, 1921-1924, 1924-1926 _1845-1926
Pasqua, Charles Victor  Fr. polit.; Fr. interior minister 1986-1988, 1993-- _1927--
Passy, Frederic  Fr. pacifist & polit.; founded International League of Peace 1868; NP Peace 1901 _1822-1912
Passy, Paul Edouard  Fr. phonetician; founded International Phonetic Association; devised international phonetic alphabet; son of Frederic Passy _1859-1940
Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich  Rus. nov., poet, & translator; wrote novel "Dr. Zhivago" 1958; declined NP Lit. 1958 _1890-1960
Pasteur, Louis  Fr. biologist & bacteriologist; proposed germ theory of disease; explained fermentation; founder of bacteriology _1822-1895
Pastore, Annibale  It. logician _1868-1936
Pastrana [Borrero], Misael  Colombian polit.; pres. of Colombia 1970-1974 _1923--
Pate, Randolph McCall  US Marine Corps gen.; commandant of Marine Corps 1956-1959 _1898-1961
Patel, Sardar Vallabhbhai  Indian nationalist & polit. _1875-1950
Pater, Walter Horatio  Eng. critic & essayist _1839-1894
Paterno, Joseph Vincent (Joe)  US Football coach; coach for Pennsylvania State Univ. 1966-- _1926--
Paterson, Andrew Barton (pseud. The Banjo)  Austr. journalist & poet; wrote ballad "Clancy of the Overflow", poetry collection "The Man of Snowy River" 1895, song "Waltzing Matilda" 1895 _1864-1941
Paterson, William  Brit. financier; originated Bank of England _1658-1719
Paterson, William  US (Irish-born) jurist & polit.; proposed New Jersey Plan; gov. of New Jersey 1790-1793; Supr. Ct. justice 1793-1806 _1745-1806
Patino, Simon Iture  Bolivian tin mining industrialist _1860-1947
Patmore, Coventry Kersey Dighton  Eng. poet _1823-1896
Paton, Alan Stewart  S. African aut. _1903-1988
Patrick  Irish (Scot.-born) bishop & saint; patron saint of Ireland _385?-461?
Patten, Christopher Francis (Chris)  Brit. polit.; gov. of Hong Kong 1992-- _1944--
Patterson, Floyd  US boxer; heavyweight boxing champion 1956-1959, 1960-1962 _1935--
Patterson, Frederick  US educator; pres. of Tuskegee Institute 1935-1953; founded United Negro College Fund 1944 _1901-1988
Patterson, Percival James  Jamaican polit.; prime min. of Jamaica 1992-- _19XX--
Patterson, Robert Porter  US lawyer; Secy. of War 1945-1947 _1891-1947
Patti, Adelina  US (Sp.-born) soprano singer _1843-1919
Pattison, Mark  Eng. aut. & scholar _1813-1884
Pattison, Robert Emory  US polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1883-1887, 1891-1895 _1850-1904
Patton, Francis Landey  US (Bermuda-born) educator & theol.; pres. of Princeton Univ. 1888-1902 _1843-1932
Patton, George Smith Jr. (Old Blood and Guts)  US gen.; fought in Europe in World War II _1885-1945
Patton, John Mercer  US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1841 _1797-1858
Paul (orig. Saul of Tarsus; Apostle to the Gentiles)  Christian apostle, aut., martyr, & saint _0XX-064?
Paul  Yugoslavian prince; regent of Yugoslavia 1934-1941; cousin of Alexander I _1893-1976
Paul I  It. saint & pope 757-767 _7XX-767
Paul II (orig. Pietro Barbo)  It. pope 1464-1471; nephew of Eugene IV _1417-1471
Paul III (orig. Alessandro Farnese)  It. pope 1534-1549 _1468-1549
Paul IV (orig. Giovanni Pietro Caraffa)  It. pope 1555-1559 _1476-1559
Paul V (orig. Camillo Borghese)  It. pope 1605-1621 _1552-1621
Paul VI (orig. Giovanni Battista Montini)  It. pope 1963-1978; reconvened 2nd Vatican Council 1963-1965 _1897-1978
Paul I (also Pavel I)  Rus. tsar 1796-1801; assassinated; son of Peter III & Catherine II _1754-1801
Paul I  Gk. king 1947-1964 _1901-1964
Paul, Ronald Ernest (Ron)  US polit.; Libertarian pres. cand. 1988 _1935--
Paul, Wolfgang  Ger. phys.; co-discovered ion trap technique; NP Phys. 1989 _1913-1993
Paul-Boncour, Joseph  Fr. lawyer & polit. _1873-1972
Paulding, James Kirke  US admin. & aut.; Secy. of Navy 1838-1841 _1778-1860
Pauli, Wolfgang Ernst  Swi. (Aus.-born) phys.; discovered Pauli exclusion principle; postulated neutrino 1930; NP Phys. 1945 _1900-1958
Pauling, Linus Carl  US chem. & pacifist; studied chemical bonding; wrote "The Nature of the Chemical Bond" 1939; opposed nuclear armament & testing; advocated vitamin C as cure for cancer & cold; NP Chem. 1954; NP Peace 1962 _1901-1994
Pauloluccio Anafesto  It. polit.; 1st doge of Venice 697-717 _6XX-717
Paulus, Friedrich von  Ger. Nazi marshal; planned Ger. invasion of Soviet Union; defeated & surrendered at battle of Stalingrad 1943 _1890-1957
Paulus, Julius  Rom. jurist _3XX-4XX
Pausanias  Gk. gen. in Sparta _5XXb-466b?
Pausanias  Macedonian assassin of Philip II of Macedon; killed _3XXb-336b
Pausanias  Gk. geographer & traveler _2XX
Pavarotti, Luciano  It. opera singer _1935--
Pavelic, Ante  Croatian Fascist dictator & polit.; leader of Ustase terrorist group; head of state of Croatia 1941-1945 _1889-1959
Pavese, Cesare  It. aut., nov., & translator; translated "Moby Dick" into Italian; wrote novels "La Casa in Collina" 1949 (also "The House on the Hill"), "La Luna e i Falo" 1950 (also "The Moon and the Bonfire"); suicide _1908-1950
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich  Rus. physiologist; NP Med. 1904 _1849-1936
Pavlov, Valentin Sergeyevich  Rus. Soviet Communist polit.; Soviet finance minister 1989-1991; premier of Soviet Union 1990; member of anti-Gorbachev putsch 1991 _1937--
Pavlova, Anna  Rus. ballet dancer _1885?-1931
Pawlak, Waldemar  Pol. polit.; leader of Peasant Party; prime min. of Poland 1992, 1993-- _1959--
Paye, Jean Claude  Fr. diplomat; secy-gen. of Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development 1984-- (OECD) _1934--
Payne, Henry Clay  US polit.; Postmaster Gen. 1902-1904; chairman of Rep. National Committee 1904 _1843-1904
Payne, James Spriggs  Liberian (US-born) polit.; pres. of Liberia 1868-1870, 1876-1878 _1819-1882
Payne, John Barton  US admin.; Secy. of Interior 1920-1921 _1855-1935
Payne, John Howard  US actor & dram. _1791-1852
Payne, Sereno Elisha  US polit.; 1st House majority leader 1899-1911 _1843-1914
Payton, Walter Jerry  US football player; running back for Chicago Bears 1975-1988; holds career rushing record _1954--
Paz, Octavio  Mex. aut. & diplomat; NP Lit. 1990 _1914--
Paz Estenssoro, Victor  Bolivian polit.; pres. of Bolivia 1952-1956, 1960-1964, 1964, 1985-1989 _1907--
Paz Zamora, Jaime  Bolivian polit.; pres. of Bolivia 1989-1993 _1939--
Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer  US educator & Transcendentalist; founded 1st kindergarten in US _1804-1894
Peabody, Endicott  US educator _1857-1944
Peabody, Endicott (Chub)  US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1963-1965 _1920--
Peabody, George  US merchant & philanthropist _1795-1869
Peacock, Thomas Love  Eng. nov., poet, & satirist; father-in-law of George Meredith _1785-1866
Peale, Charles Willson  US patriot & portrait painter; founded 1st major US museum 1786 _1741-1827
Peale, James  US painter; brother of Charles Willson Peale _1749-1831
Peale, Norman Vincent  US clergyman; wrote "The Power of Positive Thinking" 1952 _1898-1993
Peale, Raphaelle  US still life painter; son of Charles Willson Peale _1774-1825
Peale, Rembrandt  US portrait painter; son of Charles Willson Peale _1778-1860
Peano, Giuseppe  It. logician & math.; tried to reduce arithmetic to postulates _1858-1932
Pearson, Eliphalet  US educator; 1st principal of Phillips Academy 1778-1786; acting pres. of Harvard 1804-1806 _1752-1826
Pearson, Karl  Eng. biometrician, math., & statistician; introduced standard deviation & chi-squared test _1857-1936
Pearson, Lester Bowles (Mike)  Can. diplomat & polit.; Can. ambassador to US 1945-1946; pres. of UN General Assembly 1952-1953; tried to mediate Suez Crisis 1956; prime min. of Canada 1963-1968; NP Peace 1957 _1897-1972
Pearson, Richard, Sir  Brit. naval officer in American Revolution; as captain of ship Serapis, defeated by John Paul Jones 1779 _1731-1806
Peary, Robert Edwin  US Arctic explorer; 1st human to reach N. Pole 1908 _1856-1920
Pease, Elisha Marshall  US polit.; gov. of Texas 1853-1857, 1867-1869 _1812-1883
Pecanha, Nilo  Brazilian polit.; acting pres. of Brazil 1909-1910 _1857-1926
Peck, [Eldred] Gregory  US actor _1916--
Peckham, John  Eng. prelate; archbishop of Canterbury 1279-1292 _12XX-1292
Peckham, Rufus  US jurist; Supr. Ct. justice 1895-1909 _1838-1909
Pedernera, Juan Esteban  Argentine polit.; acting last pres. of Argentine Confederation 1861-1862 _1796-1886
Pedersen, Charles John  US (Korean-born) chem.; NP Chem. 1987 _1904-1989
Pedro I (Pedro el Duro)  Port. king 1357-1367; son of Afonso IV _1320-1367
Pedro II (Dom Pedro)  Port. king 1667-1706; son of John IV _1648-1706
Pedro IV (Dom Pedro I)  emperor of Brazil 1822-1831; abdicated; Port. king 1826; abdicated; son of John VI _1798-1834
Pedro V  Port. king 1853-1861; ruled under regency 1853-1855; 1st ruler of Coburg-Gotha dynasty; son of Maria II & Fernando II _1837-1861
Pedro II (Dom Pedro II)  emperor of Brazil 1831-1889; overthrown; son of Dom Pedro I _1825-1891
Peel, Robert, Sir  Eng. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1834-1835, 1841-1846; established permanent police force; source of word "bobby" _1788-1850
Peel, William, Sir  Brit. admin.; gov. of Hong Kong 1930-1935 _1875-1945
Peele, George  Eng. dram. & poet _1556-1596
Peery, George Campbell  US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1934-1938 _1873-1952
Peguy, Charles Pierre  Fr. poet & publisher _1873-1914
Pei, Ieoh Ming (I. M. Pei)  US (Chinese-born) architect _1917--
Pei, Mario Andrew  US (It.-born) linguist & polyglot _1901-1978
Peirce, Benjamin  US astronomer; father of Charles Peirce _1809-1880
Peirce, Charles Sanders (C. S. Peirce)  US logician, math., & philos.; founder of Pragmatism; pioneer of semiotics _1839-1914
Peisistratus (also Pisistratus)  Gk. tyrant in Athens _5XXb-527b
Peixoto, Floriano  Brazilian gen. & polit.; pres. of Brazil 1891-1893, 1893-1894 _1842-1895
Pelagius (orig. Morgan)  Brit. heretic, monk, & theol.; founded Pelagianism _360?-420?
Pelagius I  It. pope 556-561 _5XX-561
Pelagius II  It. pope 579-590 _5XX-590
Pele (Perola Negra; orig. Edson Arantes do Nascimento)  Brazilian soccer player _1940--
Pelham, Henry  Brit. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1743-1754; brother of Thomas Pelham (Duke of Newcastle) _1695?-1754
Pell, Claiborne de Borda  US Dem. polit.; Senator from Rhode Island 1961--; sponsor & eponym of Pell grants; chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee 1987--; great-great-greatnephew of George Dallas _1918--
Pella, Giuseppe  It. polit.; prime min. of Italy 1953-1954; It. foreign minister 1953-1954, 1957-1958, 1959-1960 _1902-1981
Pellegrini, Carlos  Argentine polit.; pres. of Argentina 1890-1892 _1846-1906
Pellicer, Anthony Dominic  US Catholic bishop; 1st Catholic bishop of San Antonio 1874-1880 _1824-1880
Pelloux, Luigi  It. polit.; prime min. of Italy 1898-1900 _1839-1924
Pelopidas  Gk. gen. in Thebes _4XXb-364b
Pemberton, John Stith  US pharmacist; invented drink Coca-Cola _1831-1888
Pena, Federico Fabian  US polit.; mayor of Denver 1983-1991; Secy. of Transportation 1993-- _1947--
Penderecki, Krzysztof  Pol. composer _1933--
Pendleton, George Hunt  US polit.; Dem. vice-pres. cand. 1864; son-inv-law of Francis Scott Key _1825-1889
Pendleton, Joseph Henry  US Marine Corps gen. _1860-1942
Peng Dehuai (also P'eng Te-huai)  Chinese Communist gen. _1898-1974
Peng Pai (also P'eng P'ai)  Chinese Communist leader _1896-1929
Penn, Sean  US movie actor; husband of Madonna 1985; divorced 1989 _1960--
Penn, William, Sir  Eng. adm.; father of William Penn _1621-1670
Penn, William  Eng. colonizer & Quaker religious leader in America; founder & eponym of Pennsylvania _1644-1718
Pennell, Joseph  US etcher _1857-1926
Penney, James Cash (J. C. Penney)  US department store industrialist; founder & eponym of J. C. Penney Co. 1902 _1875-1971
Pennington, William  US polit.; gov. of New Jersey 1837-1843; Speaker of the House 1859-1861 _1796-1862
Pennypacker, Samuel Whitaker  US polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1903-1907 _1843-1916
Penrose, Roger  Brit. math. & cognitive sci.; wrote "The Emperor's New Mind" 1989 _1931--
Penzias, Arno Allan  US (Ger.-born) phys.; co-discovered cosmic microwave background radiation from big bang 1964 with Robert Wilson; NP Phys. 1978 _1933--
Pepi II (also Phiops II)  king of Egypt 2281b?-2187b?; longest-reigning monarch in recorded history _2287b?-2187?
Pepin III (Pepin the Short; Pepin le Bref)  Fr. king 751-768; 1st ruler of Carolingian dynasty; son of Charles Martel; father of Charlemagne _714?-768
Pepper, Claude Denson  US polit. _1900-1989
Pepusch, Johann Christoph  Ger. composer; composed opera "The Beggar's Opera" 1728 _1667-1752
Pepys, Samuel  Eng. diarist & naval admin. _1633-1703
Perceval, Spencer  Eng. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1809-1812; assassinated _1762-1812
Percy, Henry, Sir (Hotspur)  Eng. soldier _1364-1403
Percy, Thomas  Eng. antiquarian & poet _1729-1811
Pereira, Aristides Maria  Cape Verdean nationalist & polit.; 1st pres. of Cape Verde 1975-1991 _1923--
Pereira, William Leonard  US architect; designed Transamerica Building _1909-1985
Pereira [de Soua], Washington Luis  Brazilian polit.; pres. of Brazil 1926-1930; overthrown _1870-1955
Perelman, Sidney Joseph (S. J. Perelman)  US aut. & humorist _1904-1979
Peres, Shimon  Israeli (Pol.-born) polit.; acting prime min. of Israel 1977; prime min. of Israel 1984-1986; Israeli foreign minister 1986-1988, 1992--; NP Peace 1994 _1923--
Perez, Santiago  Colombian polit.; pres. of Colombia 1869, 1874-1876 _1830-1900
Perez de Cuellar, Javier  Peruvian diplomat; Peruvian ambassador to UN 1971-1975; secy-gen. of UN 1982-1992 _1920--
Perez Balladares, Ernesto  Panamanian polit.; pres. of Panama 1994-- _19XX--
Perez Galdos, Benito  Sp. dram. & nov. _1843-1920
Perez [Godoy], Ricardo Pio  Peruvian gen. & polit.; pres. of Peru 1962-1963 _1905--
Perez Jimenez, Marcos  Venezuelan army officer & polit.; pres. of Venezuela 1952-1958 _1914--
Perez [Mascayano], Jose Joaquin  Chilean polit.; pres. of Chile 1861-1871 _1800-1889
Perez [Rodriguez], Carlos Andres  Venezuelan polit.; pres. of Venezuela 1974-1979, 1989-1993; deposed _1922--
Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista  It. composer _1710-1736
Pericles  Gk. polit. in Athens _490b?-429b
Perkins, Anthony  US actor _1932-1992
Perkins, Edward  US diplomat; US ambassador to UN 1992-1993 _1928--
Perkins, Frances (orig. Fannie Coralie Perkins)  US social reformer; Secy. of Labor 1933-1945; 1st female Cabinet member _1880-1965
Perkins, George Clement  US polit.; gov. of California 1880-1883 _1839-1923
Perkins, George Walbridge  US diplomat; US ambassador to NATO 1955-1957 _1895-1960
Perkins, James Alfred  US educator; pres. of Cornell Univ. 1963-1969 _1911--
Perlman, Itzhak  Israeli violinist _1945--
Perlman, Rhea  US actress; starred in series "Cheers" 1982-1993, movie "The Ratings Game" 1984; wife of Danny De Vito 1982 _1948--
Peron, Eva [Duarte de] (Evita)  Argentine dancer & polit.; 2nd wife of Juan Peron 1945 _1895-1975
Peron, Maria Estela Martinez de (Isabel)  Argentine polit.; pres. of Argentina 1975-1976; deposed; 3rd wife of Juan Peron _1931--
Peron [Sosa], Juan Domingo  Argentine dictator & polit.; pres. of Argentina 1946-1955, 1973-1975; husband of Eva Peron _1895-1975
Perot, [Henry] Ross (H. Ross Perot)  US businessman & polit.; independent pres. cand. 1992 _1930--
Perrault, Charles  Fr. aut. of fairy tales _1628-1703
Perrin, Jean Baptiste  Fr. phys.; NP Phys. 1926 _1870-1942
Perry, Antoinette  US actress & director; eponym of Tony Award _1888-1946
Perry, Bliss  US critic & educator _1860-1954
Perry, Edward Aylsworth  US polit.; gov. of Florida 1885-1889 _1831-1889
Perry, Madison Stark  US polit.; gov. of Florida 1857-1861 _1814-1865
Perry, Matthew Calbraith (Commodore Perry)  US naval officer & diplomat to Japan; brother of Oliver Hazard Perry _1794-1858
Perry, Oliver Hazard  US naval officer & hero; won victory in battle of Lake Erie in War of 1812; brother of Matthew Perry _1785-1819
Perry, Ralph Barton  US educator & philos. _1876-1957
Perry, William James  US admin. & engineer; Secy. of Defense 1994-- _1927--
Pershing, John Joseph (Black Jack)  US gen.; led American expeditionary force in World War I 1917-1919; army chief of staff 1921-1924 _1860-1948
Persius (Aulus Persius Flaccus)  Rom. satirist _034-062
Pertini, Alessandro  It. polit.; pres. of Italy 1978-1985 _1896-1990
Perugino, Il (orig. Pietro di Cristoforo Vannucci, Pier della Pieve)  It. painter; teacher of Raphael _1446-1523
Perutz, Max Ferdinand  Brit. (Aus.-born) biochem.; NP Chem. 1962 _1914--
Peruzzi, Baldassare  It. architect & painter _1481-1536
Pesci, Joe  US comic movie actor _1943--
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich  Swi. educator _1746-1827
Petain, Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph  Fr. gen., marshal, polit., & Nazi collaborator; won battle of Verdun 1916 in World War I; prime min. of France 1940-1944 with Vichy government; signed armistice with Nazi Germany 1940 _1856-1951
Peter (orig. Simon; also Petros, Cephas)  Christian apostle, martyr, & saint; 1st pope 042?-064?; patron saint of fishermen _0XX-064?
Peter I (Peter the Great)  Rus. tsar 1682-1725; ruled jointly with Ivan V 1682-1696; ruled under regency 1682-1689; westernized Russia; won battle of Pultowa 1709; declared himself emperor 1721; son of Alexei Mikhailovich _1672-1725
Peter II Alexeyevich  Rus. tsar 1727-1730; ruled under regency 1727-1730; step-grandson of Catherine I; grandson of Peter I _1715-1730
Peter III  Rus. tsar 1762; deposed & killed on Catherine II's orders; withdrew Russia from Seven Years' War 1762; nephew of Elizabeth Petrovna; grandson of Peter I _1728-1762
Peter I  prince-bishop of Montenegro 1782-1830 _1760?-1830
Peter II  prince-bishop of Montenegro 1830-1851; nephew of Peter I _1812-1851
Peter I [Karadjordevic] (also Petar I)  king of Serbia 1903-1921; ruled under Aus. occupation 1915-1918; ruled Serbia as part of Yugoslavia 1918-1921; son of Alexander I _1844-1921
Peter II (also Petar II)  king of Yugoslavia 1934-1945; ruled in exile in London 1941-1945; son of Alexander I _1923-1970
Peter Lombard (also Petrus Lombardus)  It. theol. _1095?-1160
Peter the Hermit (Peter of Amiens)  Fr. preacher with 1st Crusade _1050?-1115
Peters, Andrew James  US polit.; mayor of Boston 1918-1922 _1872-1938
Peters, Carl  Ger. explorer _1856-1918
Peters, Michael (Mike)  US cartoonist; created Mother Goose & Grimm _1943--
Petersen, Jonathan  Danish songwriter; composed national song of Greenland "Nangminek erinalik" _1881-1961
Peterson, Peter  US admin.; Secy. of Commerce 1972-1973 _1926--
Peterson, Roger Tory  US ornithologist _1908--
Petit, Alexis Therese  Fr. phys.; co-eponym of Dulong-Petit law _1791-1820
Petitpierre, Max  Swi. diplomat & polit.; Swi. foreign minister 1945-1961; pres. of Switzerland 1950, 1955, 1960 _1899-1994
Petofi, Sandor  Hung. patriot & poet _1823-1849
Petrarch, Francesco (also Francesco Petrarca)  It. humanist, lyric poet, & scholar; father of Italian Renaissance _1304-1374
Petrashevsky, Mikhail Vasilievich [Butashevich-]  Rus. socialist _1821-1866
Petri, Julius Richard  Ger. bacteriologist; eponym of petri dish _1852-1921
Petrie, [William Matthew] Flinders, Sir  Eng. archaeologist & Egyptologist; discovered Sinaitic inscriptions; developed sequence dating _1853-1942
Petrillo, James Caesar  US labor leader & musician; pres. of American Federation of Musicians 1940-1958 _1892-1984
Petronius (Titus Petronius Niger)  Rom. courtier & satirist _0XX-066
Petrosian, Tigran Vartanovich  Armenian chess player; world chess champion 1963-1969 _1929-1984
Petrov, Yevgeny (also Evgeny Petrov; pseud. of Yevgeny Petrovich Kataev, also Evgeny Petrovich Katayev)  Rus. nov. & satirist; collaborator with Ilya Ilf _1903-1942
Petrovic, Drazen  Croatian basketball player _1964-1993
Pettit, Joseph Mayo  US educator & engineer; pres. of Georgia Institute of Technology 1972-1986 _1916-1986
Pettit, Robert E. Lee (Bob)  US basketball player; played for St. Louis Hawks 1954-1965 (orig. Milwaukee Hawks before 1955); 1st NBA player to score over 20,000 career points _1932--
Petty, Richard  US automobile racer; holds record for most NASCAR victories _1937--
Petty, William, Sir  Eng. political economist _1623-1687
Pevsner, Antoine  Fr. (Rus.-born) painter & sculptor; brother of Naum Gabo _1886-1962
Pevsner, Nikolaus, Sir  Brit. (Ger.-born) art historian _1902-1983
Pfaff, Johann Friedrich  Ger. math.; eponym of Pfaffian _1765-1825
Pfeiffer, Michelle  US movie actress _1957--
Pfeiffer, Richard Friedrich Johannes  Ger. bacteriologist _1858-1945
Pflimlin, Pierre Eugene Jean  Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1958 _1907--
Phaedrus  Gk. philos. _4XXb
Phaedrus  Rom. aut. of fables _015b?-050?
Phan Boi Chau  Vietnamese aut. & rebel leader _1867-1940
Pharaoun, Henri Philippe (also Henry Pharaon)  Lebanese (Egyptian-born) art collector & polit.; helped found independent Lebanon; designed Lebanese flag; Lebanese foreign minister 1945-1946, 1947; murdered _1901?-1993
Pharnaces I  king of Pontus 183b?-171b? _2XXb-171b?
Pharnaces II  king of Pontus 063b?-047b?; defeated by Julius Caesar at battle of Zela (subject of quotation "Veni, vidi, vici") 047b; son of Mithridates VI _0XXb-047b?
Phetsarath, Ratanavongsa  Laotian nationalist & prince; father of Laotian independence _1890-1959
Phidias  Gk. sculptor in Athens _4XXb
Philbin, Regis Francis Xavier  US television host; co-hosted show "Live with Regis and Kathie Lee" 1985-- (orig. "The Morning Show" before 1988) _1933--
Philbrick, Herbert Arthur  US counterspy; infiltrated US Communist Party _1915-1993
Philby, Harold Adrian Russell (Kim)  Brit. (Indian-born) spy & traitor; served Soviets as double agent _1911-1988
Philibert  Fr. abbot & saint; source of word "filbert" _608?-686?
Philidor, Francois Andre Danican  Fr. chess player & operatic composer _1726-1795
Philip  unwilling It. antipope 768 _7XX
Philip (King Philip; orig. Metacomet)  Wampanoag chief; eponym of King Philip's War 1675-1676; killed _1639?-1676
Philip (Philip Mountbatten; Duke of Edinburgh)  Brit. (Gk.-born) prince consort; husband of Elizabeth II 1947; grandson of George I of Greece; great-grandson of Victoria _1921--
Philip I (Philip the Fair; also Philippe I le Bel)  Fr. king 1060-1108; ruled under regency 1060-1066; son of Henry I _1052-1108
Philip II (Philip Augustus; also Philippe II, Philippe Auguste)  Fr. king 1180-1223; son of Louis VII _1165-1223
Philip III (Philip the Bold; also Philippe III, Philippe le Hardi)  Fr. king 1270-1285; son of Louis IX _1245-1285
Philip IV (Philip the Fair; also Philippe IV, Philippe le Bel)  Fr. king 1285-1305; son of Philip III; convened 1st Estates-General 1302 _1268-1305
Philip V (Philip the Tall; also Philippe V, Philippe le Long)  Fr. king 1316-1322; son of Philip IV; brother of Louis X _1294?-1322
Philip VI (Count of Valois; also Philippe VI)  Fr. king 1328-1350; 1st ruler of House of Valois; defeated by English at battle of Crecy 1346; grandson of Philip III; cousin of Charles IV _1293-1350
Philip III  Port. king 1621-1640 _15XX-1640
Philip I (Philip the Handsome; also Felipe I)  king of Castile 1506; husband of Joanna 1496; son of Maximilian I; father of Charles V _1478-1506
Philip II (also Felipe II; Philip I of Portugal)  Sp. king 1556-1598; Port. king 1580-1598 as Philip I; son of Charles V; husband of Mary I of England _1527-1598
Philip III (also Felipe III; Philip II of Portugal)  Sp. king 1598-1621; Port. king 1598-1621 as Philip II; son of Philip II _1578-1621
Philip IV (also Felipe IV; Philip III of Portugal)  Sp. king 1621-1665; Port. king 1621-1640; lost sovereignty over Portugal 1640; son of Philip III _1605-1665
Philip V (Philip of Anjou; also Felipe V)  Sp. king 1700-1724, 1724-1746; cause of War of the Spanish Succession 1701-1713; 1st ruler of Bourbon dynasty in Spain; grandson of Charles II _1683-1746
Philip II (Philip of Macedon)  Macedonian gen.; king of Macedonia 359b-336b; defeated Athens at battle of Coronea 338b; assassinated; father of Alexander the Great _382b-336b
Philip III (Philip the Good)  duke of Burgundy 1419-1467 _1396-1467
Philip Neri (orig. Filippo Romolo de' Neri)  It. priest & saint; founded Fathers of the Oratory 1564 _1515-1595
Philippsberg, Josef von Philippovich, Freiherr  Aus. admin.; 1st Aus. gov. of Bosnia & Herzegovina 1878 _1819-1889
Philips, Ambrose (Namby-Pamby)  Eng. dram. & poet _1674-1749
Phillips, John George  US computer businessman; pres. of IBM 1949-1951 _1888-1964
Phillips, Mark Anthony Peter  Brit. husband of Princess Anne 1973; divorced 1992 _1948--
Phillips, Samuel  US educator; founder & eponym of Phillips Academy 1778 _1752-1802
Phillips, Samuel Cochran  US air force gen.; director of National Security Agency 1972-1973 (NSA) _1921--
Phillips, Wendell  US abolitionist; pres. of Anti-Slavery Society 1865-1870 _1811-1884
Phillpotts, Eden  Eng. dram. & nov. _1862-1960
Philo Judaeus (also Philo of Alexandria)  Jewish philos. & theol. _0XXb-0XX
Phocion  Gk. gen. & polit. in Athens _402b?-318b
Phoenix, River  US movie actor _1970-1993
Phomvihane, Kaysone  Laotian Communist dictator, polit., & revolutionary; helped found Pathet Lao rebel group 1950; prime min. of Laos 1975-1991; 1st pres. of Laos 1991-1992 _1920-1992
Phounsavanh, Nouhak (also Nouhak Phoumsavan)  Laotian Communist polit.; pres. of Laos 1992-- _19XX--
Phyfe, Duncan  US (Scot.-born) cabinetmaker & furniture manufacturer _1768-1854
Pi [y Margall], Francisco  Sp. polit.; pres. of Spain 1873 _1824-1901
Piaf, Edith (orig. Edith Giovanna Gassion)  Fr. singer _1915-1963
Piaget, Jean  Swi. pioneer child psychologist; studied child cognitive development _1896-1980
Piazzi, Giuseppe  It. astronomer & monk; discovered 1st asteroid Ceres 1801 _1746-1826
Pibul Songgram  Thai marshal & polit.; prime min. of Thailand 1938-1944, 1948-1957 _1897-1964
Picabia, Francis  Fr. artist of Orphism & Dada movements _1879-1953
Picado [Michalski], Teodoro  Costa Rican polit.; pres. of Costa Rica 1944-1948 _1901-1960
Picard, Charles Emile  Fr. math. _1856-1941
Picard, Jean  Fr. astronomer _1620-1682
Picard, Paul  US television producer; created series "The Dukes of Hazzard" _1931?-1994
Picasso, Pablo [Ruiz y]  Sp. Cubist painter; father of modern art _1881-1973
Piccard, Auguste  Swi. phys. _1884-1962
Piccard, Jacques Ernst  Swi. (Belgian-born) oceanographer; inventor of bathyscaphe; son of Auguste Piccard _1922--
Pichon, Stephen  Fr. diplomat; Fr. foreign minister 1906-1911, 1913, 1917-1920 _1857-1933
Pickering, Edward Charles  US astronomer; brother of William Henry Pickering _1846-1919
Pickering, Thomas Reeve  US diplomat; US ambassador to UN 1989-1992; US ambassador to Russia 1993-- _1931--
Pickering, Timothy  US admin. & polit.; Postmaster Gen. 1791-1795; Secy. of War 1795; Secy. of State 1795-1800 _1745-1829
Pickering, William Henry  US astronomer; brother of Edward Charles Pickering _1858-1938
Pickett, Bill (the Dusky Demon, the Modern Ursus)  US black cowboy & rodeo performer; originated bulldogging technique _1870-1932
Pickett, George Edward  US-Confederate gen.; led disastrous Pickett's charge at battle of Gettysburg 1863 _1825-1875
Pickford, Mary (orig. Gladys Mary Smith; America's Sweetheart)  US (Can.-born) movie actress; wife of Douglas Fairbanks 1920; divorced 1935 _1893-1979
Pico della Mirandola, Conte Giovanni  It. humanist _1463-1494
Piech, Wilhelm  Ger. Communist polit.; 1st pres. of E. Germany 1949-1960 _1876-1960
Pierce, Benjamin  US polit.; gov. of New Hampshire 1827-1828, 1829-1830; father of Franklin Pierce _1757-1839
Pierce, Franklin  US gen. & polit.; 14th pres. of US 1853-1857 _1804-1869
Pierce, Jane Means (nee Appleton)  US wife of Franklin Pierce 1834 _1806-1863
Pierce, Samuel Riley Jr.  US admin.; Secy. of HUD 1981-1989 _1922--
Pierlot, Hubert  Belgian polit.; prime min. of Belgium 1939-1945; led Belgian government-in-exile _1883-1963
Piero della Francesca (also Piero de'Franceschi)  It. painter _1420?-1492
Pierpoint, Francis Harrison  US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1865-1868 _1814-1899
Pierpont, James  US songwriter; wrote & composed song "Jingle Bells" 1857; uncle of John Pierpont Morgan _1822-1893
Pierre, Henri  Fr. journalist; co-founded newspaper Le Monde 1944 _1918-1994
Pierrepont, Edwards  US lawyer; Atty. Gen. 1875-1876 _1817-1892
Pierson, Abraham  American Congregational clergyman & educator; 1st rector of Yale Univ. 1701-1707 (orig. the Collegiate School until 1718; Yale College until 1872) _1645?-1707
Pigott, Richard  Irish forger & journalist; forged letter from Charles Parnell condoning Phoenix Park murders, published in "The Times" 1887; suicide _1828-1889
Pigou, Arthur Cecil  Brit. economist; student of Alfred Marshall _1877-1959
Pike, Albert  US Freemason; reformer of US Freemasonry _1809-1891
Pike, Kenneth Lee  US linguist; founded tagmemics _1912--
Pike, Sumner Tucker  US admin.; acting chairman of Atomic Energy Commission 1950 _1891-1976
Pike, Zebulon Montgomery  US army officer & explorer; killed at battle of York in War of 1812; eponym of Pikes Peak _1779-1813
Pilate, Pontius  Rom. polit.; procurator of Judea 026-036?; suicide _0XX-036?
Pillsbury, Charles Alfred  US flour industrialist; founder & eponym of Pillsbury Co. _1842-1899
Pillsbury, Harry Nelson  US chess player _1872-1906
Pilsudski, Josef Klemens  Pol. gen., nationalist, & polit.; head of state of Poland 1918-1921; dictator & premier of Poland 1926-1928, 1930 _1867-1935
Pinay, Antoine  Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1952 _1891--
Pincay, Laffit Jr.  US (Panamanian-born) jockey _1946--
Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart  US polit.; acting gov. of Louisiana 1872-1873; 1st black gov. in US _1837-1921
Pinchot, Gifford  US forester & polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1923-1927, 1931-1935 _1865-1946
Pinckney, Charles  US polit.; gov. of S. Carolina 1789-1792, 1796-1798, 1806-1808 _1757-1824
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth  US polit.; Federalist pres. cand. 1800, 1804, 1808; brother of Thomas Pinckney _1746-1825
Pinckney, Thomas  US polit.; 1st US gov. of S. Carolina 1787-1789; Federalist pres. cand. 1796; brother of Charles Pinckney _1750-1828
Pincus, Gregory Goodwin  US physician; inventor of 1st birth control pill (oral contraceptive) _1903-1967
Pindar  Gk. lyric poet _522b?-443b
Pindling, Lynden Oscar, Sir  Bahamian polit.; last premier of Bahamas 1967-1969; 1st prime min. of Bahamas 1969-1992 _1930--
Pineau, Christian  Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1955 _1904--
Pinel, Philippe  Fr. physician & reformer; established humane treatment for the mentally ill _1745-1826
Pinero, Arthur Wing, Sir  Eng. dram. _1855-1934
Pinkerton, Allan  US (Scot.-born) private detective _1819-1884
Pinkney, William  US polit.; Atty. Gen. 1812-1814 _1764-1822
Pinochet [Ugarte], Augusto  Chilean dictator, gen., & polit.; overthrew Salvador Allende 1973; pres. of Chile 1974-1990; resigned _1915--
Pinter, Harold  Eng. dram. & screenwriter; wrote plays "The Dumb Waiter" 1957, "The Birthday Party" 1957, "The Caretaker" 1959, "The Homecoming" 1964 _1930--
Pinto, Anibal  Chilean polit.; pres. of Chile 1876-1881 _1825-1884
Pinto [y Diaz], Francisco Antonio  Chilean polit.; dictator of Chile 1827-1828 _1785-1858
Pinto [da Costa], Manuel  Sao Tome & Principe nationalist & polit.; 1st pres. of Sao Tome & Principe 1975-1991 _1937--
Pinturicchio (orig. Bernardino di Betto di Biago)  It. painter _1454?-1513
Pinzon, Martin Alonso  Sp. explorer with Christopher Columbus; discovered Haiti; brother of Vicente Pinzon _1441-1493
Pinzon, Vicente Yanez  Sp. explorer with Christopher Columbus; brother of Martin Pinzon _1460-1524
Piozzi, Hester Lynch (Mrs. Thrale)  Eng. aut. _1741-1821
Piper, William Thomas (the Henry Ford of Aviation)  US airplane manufacturer; founder, eponym, & 1st pres. of Piper Aircraft Corp. 1929-1970; developer & eponym of Piper Cub _1881-1970
Pirandello, Luigi  It. aut. & dram.; wrote plays "Right You Are If You Think You Are" 1917, "Six Characters in Search of an Author" 1921, "Henry IV" 1922, "As You Desire Me" 1930; NP Lit. 1934 _1867-1936
Piranesi, Giambattista (also Giovanni Battista Piranesi)  It. archaeologist, architect, engraver, etcher, & painter _1720-1778
Pire, [Dominique] Georges  Belgian humanitarian & priest; NP Peace 1958 _1910-1969
Pisanello (orig. Antonio Pisano; also Vittore Pisano)  It. painter _1380?-1455?
Pissarro, Camille  Fr. (Virgin Islands-born) Impressionist painter _1830-1903
Piston, Walter Hamor  US composer _1894-1976
Pitcher, Nathaniel  US polit.; acting gov. of New York 1828 _1777-1836
Pitman, Isaac, Sir  Eng. phonetician & writing reformer _1813-1897
Pitney, Mahlon  US jurist & polit.; Supr. Ct. justice 1912-1922 _1858-1924
Pitt, William (Pitt the Elder; the Great Commoner; Earl of Chatham)  Eng. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1766-1768; father of William Pitt the Younger _1708-1778
Pitt, William (Pitt the Younger)  Eng. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1783-1801, 1804-1806; son of William Pitt the Elder _1759-1806
Pittman, Key  US polit.; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1933-1940 _1872-1940
Pitt-Rivers, Augustus Henry  Eng. archaeologist _1827-1900
Pitzer, Kenneth Sanborn  US chem. & educator; pres. of Rice Univ. 1961-1968; pres. of Stanford Univ. 1968-1970 _1914--
Pius I  saint & pope 140?-154? _090?-157?
Pius II (orig. Enea Silvio de Piccolomini; also Aeneas Silvius, Aeneas Sylvius)  It. aut. & pope 1458-1464; uncle of Pius III _1405-1464
Pius III (orig. Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini)  It. pope 1503; nephew of Pius II _1439-1503
Pius IV (orig. Giovanni Angelo de' Medici)  It. pope 1559-1565 _1499-1565
Pius V (orig. Antonio Michael Ghislieri)  It. saint & pope 1566-1572 _1504-1572
Pius VI (orig. Giovanni Angelo Braschi)  It. pope 1775-1799 _1717-1799
Pius VII (orig. Luigi Barnaba Chiaramonti)  It. pope 1800-1823 _1742?-1823
Pius VIII (orig. Francesco Xavier Castiglione)  It. pope 1829-1830 _1761-1830
Pius IX (orig. Giovanni Maria Mastai-Feretti)  It. pope 1846-1878; opposed unification of Italy; convened 1st Vatican Council 1869-1870; established doctrine of ex cathedra papal infallibility 1870 _1792-1878
Pius X (orig. Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto)  It. saint & pope 1903-1914; canonized 1954 _1835-1914
Pius XI (orig. Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti, Ambrosio Damien Achille Ratti)  It. scholar & pope 1922-1939; 1st to govern Vatican City (Holy See) following Lateran Treaty 1929 _1857-1939
Pius XII (orig. Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli)  It. pope 1939-1958; neutral in World War II; excommunicated all It. Communists 1949; declared doctrine of Assumption of Virgin Mary 1950 _1876-1958
Pizarro, Francisco  Sp. conqueror & explorer of Peru; murdered _1470?-1541
Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig  Ger. phys.; proposed quantization of energy (photons) to explain blackbody radiation 1900; father of quantum theory; NP Phys. 1918 _1858-1947
Plante, [Joseph] Jacques  Can. hockey player; goalie for Montreal Canadiens 1952-1963; 1st goalie to wear face mask _1929-1986
Plantin, Christophe  Fr. printer _1520?-1589
Plateau, Joseph  Belgian phys.; studied minimal surfaces _1801-1883
Plath, Sylvia (pseud. Victoria Lucas)  US nov. & poet; wrote poetry collections "Colossus" 1960, "Ariel" 1965, novel "The Bell Jar" 1963; wife of Ted Hughes 1956; suicide _1932-1963
Plato (orig. Aristocles)  Gk. aut. & philos. in Athens; wrote dialogues "The Republic", "The Apology", "The Laws", "Timaeus", "Symposium", "Crito", "Phaedo", "Eutyphro"; student of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle _427b?-347b
Plautus, Titus Maccius  Rom. comic dram.; wrote plays "Amphitryon", "Captivi", "Persa", "Miles Gloriosus", "Aulularia", "Trinummus", "Rudens", "Mercator", "Curculio", "Stichus" _254b?-184b
Player, Gary Jim  S. African golfer _1935--
Playfair, John  Scot. geologist & math. _1748-1819
Plaza, Victorino de la  Argentine polit.; pres. of Argentina 1914-1916 _1840-1919
Plaza [Gutierrez], Leonidas  Ecuadorian polit.; pres. of Ecuador 1901-1905, 1912-1916; father of Galo Plaza Lasso _1865-1932
Plaza [Lasso], Galo  Ecuadorian polit.; pres. of Ecuador 1948-1952; secy-gen. of Organization of American States 1968-1975 (OAS) _1906-1987
Pleasants, James  US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1822-1825 _1769-1836
Plekhanov, Georgi Valentinovich  Rus. Marxist political philos. & Menshevik revolutionary; formed 1st Communist group in Russia _1857-1918
Plenty Coups (Aleek-chea-ahoosh)  Crow chief & religious leader; allied Crow with whites _1848-1932
Pleven, Rene Jean  Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1950-1951, 1951-1952 _1901-1993
Plimsoll, Samuel (the Sailor's Friend)  Eng. shipping reformer _1824-1898
Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus)  Rom. encyclopedist, naturalist, scholar, & sci.; wrote 37-book "Historia Naturalis"; died in eruption of Mount Vesuvius _023-079
Pliny the Younger (Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus)  Rom. aut. & polit.; wrote "Epistles"; nephew & adopted son of Pliny the Elder _062-114?
Plotinus  Rom. philos.; founder of Neoplatonism; wrote "Enneads" _205?-270
Plucker, Julius  Ger. math. _1801-1868
Plunkett, James William Jr. (Jim)  US football player; won Heisman Trophy 1970 as quarterback for Stanford Univ.; quarterback for New England Patriots 1971-1976, Los Angeles Raiders 1978--; Super Bowl MVP 1981 _1947--
Plunkett, Roy  US inventor; invented Teflon 1938 _1910?-1994
Plutarch  Gk. biographer & moralist; wrote biographical collection "Parallel Lives" (also "Plutarch's Lives") _046?-120?
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin Petrovich  Rus. jurist & Slavophile political philos. _1827-1907
Pocahontas (Mataoka; Rebecca)  Algonquin princess; daughter of Powhatan; wife of John Rolfe _1595-1617
Podgorny, Nikolai Viktorovich  Ukrainian Soviet Communist polit.; chairman of Presidium of Supreme Soviet 1965-1977; deposed by Brezhnev _1903-1983
Podoloff, Maurice  US lawyer & basketball & hockey admin.; only pres. of Basketball Association of America 1946-1949; 1st commissioner of NBA 1949-1963 _1890-1985
Poe, Edgar Allan  US short story aut., editor, & poet; father of mystery story; wrote poems "The Raven", "Annabel Lee", short stories "The Tell-Tale Heart", "The Purloined Letter", "The Pit and the Pendulum" _1809-1849
Pohl, Frederik  US science fiction aut.; editor of magazine Galaxy 1961-1969; wrote novels "Man Plus" 1976, "Gateway" 1977 _1919--
Poincare, [Jules] Henri  Fr. math. & mathematical phys.; cousin of Raymond Poincare _1854-1912
Poincare, Raymond Nicolas Landry  Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1911-1913, 1922-1924, 1926-1929; pres. of France 1913-1920; cousin of Henri Poincare _1860-1934
Poindexter, George  US polit.; gov. of Mississippi 1820-1822; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1834 _1779-1853
Poindexter, John Marlan  US adm.; national security advisor 1985-1986; acquitted in Irangate scandal _1936--
Poinsett, Joel Roberts  US diplomat & polit.; Secy. of War 1837-1841; source of word "poinsettia" _1779-1851
Poinsot, Louis  Fr. math. & phys. _1777-1859
Poiseuille, Jean Louis Marie  Fr. phys. & physiologist; studied fluid dynamics & circulation of blood; source of unit name "poise" _1799-1869
Poisson, Simeon Denis  Fr. math.; discoverer & eponym of Poisson probability distribution _1781-1840
Poitier, Sidney  US actor _1924--
Pokrovski, Mikhail Nikolayevich  Rus. Soviet historian & polit. _1868-1932
Polanski, Roman  Pol. (Fr.-born) movie director in US _1933--
Polanyi, John Charles  Can. (Ger.-born) chem.; NP Chem. 1986 _1929--
Pole, Reginald  Eng. cardinal; archbishop of Canterbury 1556-1558 _1500-1558
Pole, William de la (Duke of Suffolk, Earl of Pembroke; Jack Napis)  Eng. duke; executed; source of word "jackanapes" _1396-1450
Poletti, Charles  US polit.; gov. of New York 1942-1943 _1903--
Polgar, Judit  Hung. chess player _1976--
Poling, Harold Arthur (Red)  US automobile businessman; pres. of Ford Motor Co. 1985-1987; CEO & chairman of Ford Motor Co. 1990-1993 _1925--
Politian (also Angelo Poliziano, Angelo Ambrogini)  It. classical scholar & poet _1454-1494
Polk, James Knox (Napoleon of the Stump)  US polit.; Speaker of the House 1835-1839; gov. of Tennessee 1839-1841; 11th pres. of US 1845-1849 _1795-1849
Polk, Sarah (nee Childress)  US wife of James Polk 1824 _1803-1891
Pollack, Sydney  US movie director; directed movies "They Shoot Horses, Don't They?" 1970, "The Way We Were" 1973, "Three Days of the Condor" 1975, "Tootsie" 1982, "Out of Africa" 1984, "The Firm" 1993 _1934--
Pollard, John Garland  US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1930-1934 _1871-1937
Pollio, Gaius Asinius  Rom. orator, polit., & soldier _076b-004
Pollock, Frederick, Sir  Eng. jurist; co-wrote history "History of English Law before Edward I" 1895 with Frederic Maitland _1845-1937
Pollock, [Paul] Jackson  US Abstract Expressionist painter; founded Tachist movement _1912-1956
Pollock, James  US polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1855-1858 _1810-1890
Polo, Marco  It. traveler in Asia _1254?-1324?
Pol Pot (orig. Saloth Sar; also Tol Saut, Pol Porth)  Cambodian Communist dictator & polit. with Khmer Rouge; dictator & prime min. of Cambodia 1976-1979 _1928--
Polybius  Gk. historian _205b?-118b?
Polycarp (also Polykarp)  martyr, saint, & bishop of Smyrna _1XX
Polyclitus (also Polycleitus)  Gk. architect & sculptor _4XXb
Polycrates  Gk. tyrant of Samos _5XXb-522b?
Polydorus  Gk. sculptor in Rhodes _0XXb
Polygnotus  Gk. painter _4XXb
Pomare I (orig. Tu, Tinah)  king of Tahiti 1770?-1782; 1st king of unified Tahiti; abdicated; regent of Tahiti 1782-1803 _1742-1803
Pomare II  king of Tahiti 1782-1821; ruled under regency 1782-1803; son of Pomare I _1782-1821
Pomare III  king of Tahiti 1821-1827; son of Pomare II _1820-1827
Pomare IV (Aimata)  queen of Tahiti 1827-1877; ruled under Fr. administration 1843-1847; daughter of Pomare II _1812-1877
Pomare V  last king of Tahiti 1877-1880; abdicated; son of Pomare V _1839-1891
Pomeroy, Theodore Medad  US polit.; Speaker of the House 1869 for 1 day _1824-1905
Pompadour, Marquise de (Jeanne Antoinette Poisson le Normant du Etoiles)  Fr. mistress of Louis XV _1721-1764
Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus)  Rom. gen. & polit.; member of 1st Triumvirate; lost battle of Pharsalus 048b _106b-048b
Pompidou, Georges Jean Raymond  Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1962-1968; pres. of France 1969-1974 _1911-1974
Ponce [Enriquez], Camilo  Ecuadorian polit.; pres. of Ecuador 1956-1960 _1912-1976
Ponce de Leon, Juan  Sp. explorer in America; explored Florida; 1st Sp. gov. of Puerto Rico 1509, 1510-1511 _1460?-1521
Poncelet, Jean Victor  Fr. math.; revived projective geometry; discovered principle of duality independently of Joseph Gergonne _1788-1867
Ponchielli, Amilcare  It. composer _1834-1886
Poniatowski, Jozef Antoni  Pol. (Aus.-born) marshal & patriot; repeatedly fought against Russia; drowned at battle of Leipzig; nephew of Stanislav II Augustus Poniatowski _1763-1813
Pons, Jean Louis  Fr. astronomer in Italy; discovered Encke's comet _1761-1831
Pons, Lily (orig. Alice Josephine Pons)  US (Fr.-born) soprano singer _1904-1976
Ponselle, Rose Melba (orig. Rosa Ponzillo)  US soprano singer _1897-1981
Pontiac  Ottawa chief _1720?-1769
Pontian  It. martyr, saint, & pope 230-235; resigned _1XX-236?
Pontoppidan, Henrik  Danish nov.; NP Lit. 1917 _1857-1943
Pontormo, Jacopo da (orig. Jacopo Carrucci)  It. painter _1494-1557
Poole, Ernest  US nov.; 1st recipient of Pulitzer Prize for novel 1918 (Pulitzer Prize for fiction after 1948) _1880-1950
Pope, Alexander (the Wasp of Twickenham)  Eng. poet & satirist; wrote poems "An Essay on Criticism" 1711, "The Rape of the Lock" 1714, "The Dunciad" 1728, "An Essay on Man" 1733-1734; translated "Iliad" & "Odyssey" into verse _1688-1744
Pope, John  US polit.; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1811; gov. of Arkansas territory 1829-1835 _1770-1845
Pope, John  US gen. _1822-1892
Pope, John Russell  US architect; designed National Gallery _1874-1937
Pope-Hennessy, John Wyndham, Sir  Brit. art historian; director of Victoria & Albert Museum 1967-1973; director of British Museum 1974-1976 _1913-1994
Popov, Alexander Stepanovich  Rus. electrical engineer & inventor; transmitted radio signals independently of Guglielmo Marconi 1896; considered by Soviets father of radio _1859-1906
Popov, Gavril Kharitonovich  Rus. polit. & reformer; mayor of Moscow 1990-1992; resigned _1936--
Popper, Karl Raimund, Sir  Brit. (Aus.-born) philos.; opposed Marxism; developed falsifiability criterion; wrote "The Logic of Scientific Discovery" 1934, "The Open Society and Its Enemies" 1945, "The Poverty of Historicism" 1957 _1902-1994
Porritt, Arthur Espie  New Zealand polit.; gov-gen. of New Zealand 1967-1972 _1900--
Porson, Richard  Eng. scholar _1759-1808
Portal, Charles Frederick Algernon  Brit. air force marshal; directed Brit. bombing of Germany in World War II _1893-1971
Porter, Cole Albert  US songwriter; wrote & composed songs "What Is This Thing Called Love?" 1929, "Night and Day" 1932, "I Get a Kick out of You" 1934, "I've Got You Under My Skin" 1936 _1892-1964
Porter, David  US naval officer; father of David Dixon Porter _1780-1843
Porter, David Dixon  US naval officer; son of David Porter _1813-1891
Porter, David Rittenhouse  US polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1839-1845 _1788-1867
Porter, Gene (nee Stratton)  US nov. _1868-1924
Porter, George, Sir  Brit. chem.; NP Chem. 1967 _1920--
Porter, James  US admin.; Secy. of War 1843-1844 _1793-1862
Porter, John Clinton  US polit.; mayor of Los Angeles 1929-1933 _1872-1959
Porter, Katherine Anne  US nov. & short story aut. _1894-1980
Porter, Noah  US Congregational clergyman, educator, lexicographer, & philos.; pres. of Yale Univ. 1871-1886 _1811-1892
Porter, Peter Buell  US polit. & soldier; Secy. of War 1828-1829 _1773-1844
Porter, Rodney Robert  Brit. physiologist; NP Med. 1972 _1917-1985
Porter, William Sydney (pseud. O. Henry)  US short story aut. _1862-1910
Portes [Gil], Emilio  Mex. polit.; acting pres. of Mexico 1928-1930 _1891-1978
Portillo, Alvaro del  Sp. Catholic bishop; leader of Opus Dei 1975-1994 _1914-1994
Portinari, Beatrice (also Bice Portinari)  It. woman beloved of Dante _1266?-1290
Portland, Duke of (William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck)  Brit. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1783, 1807-1809 _1738-1809
Post, Charles William (C. W. Post)  US cereal industrialist & inventor; founder & eponym of Postum Cereal Co. Ltd. 1897 (later General Foods Corp. after 1922); developed cereals Grape Nuts 1897, Post Toasties 1904; suicide _1854-1914
Post, Emily (nee Price)  US authority on etiquette _1872-1960
Post, George Browne  US architect; designed New York Stock Exchange Building _1837-1913
Post, Wiley  US aviator; made 1st solo round-the-world flight 1933; died in airplane crash with Will Rogers _1900-1935
Potemkin, Grigori Alexandrovich  Rus. marshal & polit.; favorite of Catherine II; fought in 1st Russo-Turkish War 1768-1774; fought in 2nd Russo-Turkish War 1787-1792 _1739-1791
Potgieter, Andries Hendrik  S. African Boer polit.; 1st head of state of Potchefstroom 1840-1845; 1st head of state of Zoutpansberg 1845-1852 _1792-1852
Potgieter, Peter Johannes  S. African Boer polit.; acting head of state of Zoutpansberg 1852-1854; son of Andries Potgieter _1822-1854
Potiorek, Oskar  Aus. admin.; Aus. gov. of Bosnia & Herzegovina 1911-1914 _1853-1933
Potok, Chaim  US aut.; wrote novels "The Chosen" 1967, "The Promise" 1969, "My Name is Asher Lev" 1972, "Davita's Harp" 1985, "The Gift of Asher Lev" 1990, "I Am the Clay" 1992 _1929--
Potter, [Helen] Beatrix  Brit. juvenile aut. & illustrator _1866-1943
Potter, Dennis Christopher George  Brit. dram. & television screenwriter _1935-1994
Potter, Paul (also Paulus Potter)  Dutch painter _1625-1654
Pottier, Eugene Edine  Fr. Communist, songwriter, & transport worker; wrote Communist anthem "Internationale" _1816-1887
Pottinger, Henry Eldred, Sir  Brit. colonial admin. & gen.; 1st Brit. gov. of Hong Kong 1843-1844; gov. of Cape Colony 1847; 1st high commissioner for S. Africa 1847 _1789-1856
Poulenc, Francois  Fr. composer; member of Les Six _1899-1963
Poulson, Norris  US polit.; mayor of Los Angeles 1953-1961 _1895-1982
Pound, Ezra Weston Loomis  US poet; founder of Imagist movement; wrote poetry collection "Cantos" 1925; mentor of T. S. Eliot _1885-1972
Pound, Roscoe  US jurist; wrote "Outlines of Lectures on Jurisprudence" 1914, "The Spirit of the Common Law" 1921, "Law and Morals" 1924, "Criminal Justice in America" 1930 _1870-1964
Poussin, Nicolas  Fr. Baroque painter; created paintings "The Deluge", "The Rape of the Sabines", "Golden Calf", "Triumph of Truth" _1594-1665
Powell, Adam Clayton Jr.  US polit. _1908-1972
Powell, Cecil Frank  Brit. phys.; NP Phys. 1950 _1903-1969
Powell, Colin Luther  US gen.; national security advisor 1986-1989; chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1989-1993 _1937--
Powell, Earl (Bud)  US jazz musician & pianist _1924-1966
Powell, Eleanor  US tap dancer _1912-1982
Powell, John Wesley  US ethnologist, explorer, & geologist; director of US Geological Survey 1881-1894 _1834-1902
Powell, Joseph Lester (Jody)  US admin.; White House press secretary 1977-1981 _1943--
Powell, Lewis (Lewis Paine, Lewis Payne, Lewis Wood)  US conspirator with John Wilkes Booth; attempted assassin of William Seward 1865; executed _1845-1865
Powell, Lewis Franklin Jr.  US jurist; Supr. Ct. justice 1971-1987; wrote decisions for Regents of Univ. of California v. Bakke 1978, Batson v. Kentucky 1986 _1907--
Powell, Richard (Dick)  US actor & singer _1904-1963
Power, Tyrone III  US movie actor _1914-1958
Powers, Francis Gary  US pilot; shot down over Soviet Union 1960 _1929-1977
Powers, Hiram  US sculptor _1805-1873
Powhatan (Wa-hun-sen-a-cawh, Wa-hun-son-a-cock)  Algonquin chief; founder & eponym of Powhatan confederacy; father of Pocahontas _1550-1618
Powys, John Cowper  Eng. aut. & critic _1872-1963
Poynting, John Henry  Eng. phys.; developer & eponym of Poynting vector _1852-1914
Pozharski, Dmitri Mikhailovich  Rus. gen. & prince; liberated Russia from Poland 1612; Rus. tsar 1612-1613 _1578-1641
Prabhakaran, Vellupillai  Sri Lankan Tamil terrorist leader; founder & leader of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 1972 _1954?--
Prabhupada (A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada; orig. Abhay Charan Dey)  Indian cult leader in US; founded International Society for Krishna Consciousness (Hare Krishnas) 1966 _1896-1977
Prado [y Ugarteche], Manuel  Peruvian banker & polit.; pres. of Peru 1939-1945, 1956-1962 _1889-1967
Prandtl, Ludwig  Ger. phys.; pioneer of aerodynamics; eponym of Prandtl number _1875-1953
Prasad, Rajendra  Indian nationalist & polit.; 1st pres. of India 1950-1962; helped draft Indian constitution _1884-1963
Pratapa Simha [Shah] (Rana Pratap)  king of Nepal 1775-1777; son of Prithvi Narayana _17XX-1777
Pratt, Edwin John  Can. poet _1883-1964
Pratt, William Veazie  US adm.; pres. of Naval War College 1925-1927; chief of naval operations 1930-1933 _1869-1957
Praxiteles  Gk. sculptor in Athens _3XXb
Prebisch, Raul  Argentine economist; 1st director of UN Conference on Trade & Development 1964-1969 (UNCTAD) _1901-1986
Preble, Edward  US naval officer _1761-1807
Pregl, Fritz  Aus. chem.; NP Chem. 1923 _1869-1930
Prelog, Vladimir  Swi. (Yugoslavian-born) chem.; NP Chem. 1975 _1906--
Premadasa, Ranasinghe  Sri Lankan polit.; prime min. of Sri Lanka 1978-1989; pres. of Sri Lanka 1989-1993; assassinated _1924-1993
Prendergast, Edmond Francis  US (Irish-born) archbishop; archbishop of Philadelphia 1911-1918 _1843-1918
Prendergast, Maurice Brazil  US Post-Impressionist watercolor painter; member of The Eight _1861?-1924
Prendergast, Patrick Eugene Joseph  US assassin of Carter Harrison _1868-1894
Preradovic, Paula  Aus. songwriter; wrote Aus. national anthem (adopted 1951) _1887-1951
Prescott, Samuel  US patriot in American Revolution; accompanied Paul Revere on Revere's ride 1775 _1751-1777?
Prescott, William Hickling  US historian _1796-1859
Presley, Elvis Aron (the King, the King of Rock)  US rock singer _1935-1977
Presley, Lisa Marie (Mrs. Lisa Marie Presley-Jackson)  US daughter of Elvis Presley & Priscilla Presley; wife of Michael Jackson 1994 _1968--
Presley, Priscilla Beaulieu (nee Wagner; orig. Priscilla Ann Wagner)  US actress; starred in movies "The Naked Gun" 1988, "The Naked Gun 2 1/2" 1991, "The Naked Gun 33 1/3" 1994; wife of Elvis Presley 1967; divorced 1973 _1945--
Press, Frank  US geophysicist & phys.; presidential science advisor 1977-1980 _1924--
Presser, Jackie  US labor leader; pres. of Teamsters 1983-1988 _1926-1988
Pressler, Larry Lee  US Rep. polit.; Senator from S. Dakota 1979-- _1942--
Preston, James Patton  US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1816-1819; brother-in-law of John Floyd; uncle of James McDowell; uncle of John Buchanan Floyd _1774-1853
Preston, Lewis Thompson  US banker; pres. of World Bank 1991-- _1926--
Preston, William Ballard  US polit.; Secy. of Navy 1849-1850 _1805-1862
Pretorius, Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus  S. African Boer gen. & polit.; 1st head of state of Natalia 1838-1842; head of state of Potchefstroom 1848-1853; father of Martinius Pretorius _1799-1853
Pretorius, Martinius Wessels  S. African Boer polit.; last head of state of Potchefstroom 1853-1856; 1st pres. of Transvaal 1857-1860, 1864-1871; pres. of Orange Free State 1859-1863; joint head of state of Transvaal 1880-1883 _1819-1901
Preus, Jacob Aall Ottesen (Jake)  US polit.; gov. of Minnesota 1921-1925; father of Jacob Preus _1883-1961
Preus, Jacob Aall Ottesen  US Lutheran clergyman; pres. of Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod 1969-1981; son of Jake Preus _1920-1994
Preval, Rene  Haitian dissident & polit.; prime min. of Haiti 1991 _1943--
Previn, Andre (orig. Andreas Ludwig Priwin)  US (Ger.-born) composer, conductor, & pianist; conducted Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra 1984-1989; conducted Royal Philharmonic 1987-1992; husband of Mia Farrow 1970; divorced 1979 _1929--
Prevost, Abbe (Antoine Francois Prevost d'Exiles)  Fr. abbot & nov. _1697-1763
Prevost, Marcel  Fr. aut. & dram. _1862-1941
Price, Charles Melvin  US polit.; chairman of House Armed Services Committee 1975-1985 _1905-1988
Price, George Cadle  Belizean nationalist & polit.; first minister of Belize 1961-1964; only premier of Belize 1964-1981; 1st independent prime min. of Belize 1981-1984, 1989--; father of Belizean independence _1919--
Price, Hugh Bernard  US activist; pres. of National Urban League 1994-- _1941--
Price, Irving  US toy manufacturer; co-founder & co-eponym of Fischer-Price Toys 1930 _1884-1976
Price, James Hubert  US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1938-1942 _1878-1943
Price, [Mary] Leontyne  US soprano opera singer _1927--
Price, Sterling  US-Confederate army officer & polit.; gov. of Missouri 1853-1857 _1809-1867
Price, Vincent Leonard  US horror actor & television host _1911-1993
Pride, Thomas  Eng. polit. _16XX-1658
Pridi (Nai Pridi Phanomyong)  Siamese polit.; regent of Siam 1944-1946; nephew of Rangsit _1900-1983
Priest, [James] Percy (J. Percy Priest)  US polit.; House majority whip 1949-1953 _1900-1956
Priestley, Jason  US (Can.-born) television actor _1969--
Priestley, John Boynton (J. B. Priestley)  Eng. critic, dram., & nov. _1894-1984
Priestley, Joseph  Eng. chem. & clergyman; discovered element oxygen _1733-1804
Prieto, Joaquin  Chilean gen. & polit.; 1st pres. of Chile 1831-1840, 1840-1841 _1786-1854
Prigogine, Ilya Romanovich  Belgian-US (Rus.-born) chem. & phys.; NP Chem. 1977 _1917--
Prima, Louis  US musician _1912-1978
Primaticcio, Francesco  It. artist _1503-1570
Primo de Rivera [y Orbaneja], Miguel  Sp. polit.; dictator & prime min. of Spain 1923-1930 _1870-1930
Prince (orig. Prince Rogers Nelson; the Purple One, the Artist Formerly Known as Prince, TAFKAP)  US rock singer _1958--
Princip, Gavrilo  Serbian assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand _1893-1918
Principi, Anthony  US admin.; Secy. of Veterans Affairs 1992-1993 _19XX--
Prio [Socarras], Carlos  Cuban polit.; pres. of Cuba 1948-1952 _1903-1977
Prior, Matthew  Eng. diplomat & poet _1664-1721
Priscian (Priscianus Caesariensis)  Rom. Latin grammarian _4XX-5XX
Pritchett, Henry Smith  US astronomer & educator; pres. of MIT 1900-1906 _1857-1939
Prithvi [Bir Bikrama Shamshir Jang Bahadur Shah]  king of Nepal 1881-1911; grandson of Surendra _1875-1911
Prithvi Narayana [Shah], Sri (Sri Nepala Sarkar)  Gurkha rajah 1742-1775?; king of Nepal 1768-1775?; 1st king of unified Nepal _1723?-1775?
Proclus  Gk. Neoplatonic philos. & theol. _410?-485
Procopius  Byzantine historian _5XX
Procter, William Cooper  US (Brit.-born) candlemaker & industrialist; co-founder & co-eponym of Procter & Gamble Co. 1837 _1862-1934
Proctor, Redfield Sr.  US businessman & polit.; gov. of Vermont 1878-1880; Secy. of War 1889-1891 _1831-1908
Profumo, John Dennis  Brit. admin.; Brit. army secy. 1960-1963; resigned in security scandal (Profumo affair) _1915--
Prokhorov, Alexander Mikhailovich  Rus. (Austr.-born) phys.; NP Phys. 1964 _1916--
Prokofiev, Sergei Sergeyevich  Rus. composer _1891-1953
Promyslov, Vladimir Fyodorovich  Rus. Soviet Communist polit.; mayor of Moscow 1963-1986; ousted by Mikhail Gorbachev _1908-1993
Propertius, Sextus  Rom. poet _0XXb-015b?
Propp, Vladimir Yakovlevich  Rus. folklorist; developed structural theory of folk tales _1895-1970
Protagoras  Gk. philos.; 1st sophist _485b?-421b?
Protic, Stojan  Yugoslavian polit.; prime min. of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, & Slovenes 1918-1919, 1920 _1857-1923
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph  Fr. anarchist & political philos.; father of anarchism _1809-1865
Proulx, [Edna] Annie (E. Annie Proulx)  US nov.; wrote novel "The Shipping News" 1993 _1935--
Proust, Marcel  Fr. nov.; wrote novels "Jean Santeuil" 1899, 7-book "The Rememberance of Things Past" (also "A la Recherche du Temps Perdu") _1871-1922
Proxmire, William  US Dem. polit.; Senator from Wisconsin 1957-1989; chairman of Senate Banking, Housing, & Urban Affairs Committee 1975-1981, 1987-1989; instituted Golden Fleece Awards to condemn wasteful federal spending _1915--
Prudentius Clemens, Aurelius  Latin Christian poet _348-410?
Prud'hon, Pierre Paul  Fr. Romantic painter _1758-1823
Prynne, William  Eng. Puritan propagandist _1600-1669
Pryor, David Hampton  US Dem. polit.; gov. of Arkansas 1975-1979; Senator from Arkansas 1979-- _1934--
Pryor, Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas  US movie actor & comedian _1940--
Przemyslav II  Pol. king 1295-1296 _1257-1296
Przhevalski, Nikolai Mikhailovich  Rus. explorer of Asia _1839-1888
Psaila, Dun Karm  Maltese poet; wrote Maltese national anthem "Innu Malta" (also "Hymn of Malta"; adopted 1941) _1871-1961
Ptolemy I (Ptolemy Soter)  Macedonian conqueror & gen. under Alexander the Great; king of Egypt 323b-285b; founded Ptolemid dynasty; made Alexandria capital & cultural center; founded Library of Alexandria; adbicated _367b?-283b
Ptolemy II (Ptolemy Philadelphus)  king of Egypt 285b-246b; ordered construction of lighthouse of Alexandria; ordered translation of Bible into Gk. (Septuagint); son of Ptolemy I _309b-246b
Ptolemy III (Ptolemy Euergetes)  king of Egypt 246b-221b; son of Ptolemy II _282b?-221b
Ptolemy IV (Ptolemy Philopator)  king of Egypt 221b-203b; son of Ptolemy III _244b?-203b
Ptolemy V (Ptolemy Epiphanes)  king of Egypt 203b-181b; subject of laudatory inscriptions on Rosetta stone; murdered _210b?-181b
Ptolemy VI (also Ptolemy VII; Ptolemy Philometor)  king of Egypt 181b-145b; ruled under regency 181b-173b; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VII 170b-164b; ruled only Cyrene 163b-145b; killed; son of Ptolemy V _186b?-145b
Ptolemy VII (also Ptolemy IX; Ptolemy Euergetes II, Physcon)  king of Egypt 145b-116b; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VI 170b-164b; brother of Ptolemy VI; son of Ptolemy V _184b?-116b
Ptolemy VIII (also Ptolemy X; Ptolemy Soter II, Lathyrus)  king of Egypt 116b-108b, 088b-080b; expelled by mother & brother 108b-088b; son of Ptolemy VII _1XXb-080b
Ptolemy IX (also Ptolemy XI; Ptolemy Alexander I)  king of Egypt 108b-088b; overthrew Ptolemy VIII 108b; brother of Ptolemy VIII; son of Ptolemy VII; killed _1XXb-088b
Ptolemy X (also Ptolemy XII; Ptolemy Alexander II)  king of Egypt 080b; last of legitimate male Ptolemids; killed by mob; son of Ptolemy IX _105b?-080b
Ptolemy XI (also Ptolemy XIII; Ptolemy Philopator Neos Dionysos, Auletes)  king of Egypt 080b-051b; illegitimate son of Ptolemy VIII _095b?-051b
Ptolemy XII (also Ptolemy XIV)  king of Egypt 051b-048b; ruled jointly with, & overthrown by, Cleopatra VII; husband & brother of Cleopatra VII _061b-048b
Ptolemy XIII (also Ptolemy XV)  king of Egypt 047b-044b; ruled jointly with, & murdered by, Cleopatra VII; brother of Cleopatra VII _058b?-044b
Ptolemy XIV (also Ptolemy XVI; Ptolemy Philopator Philometor Caesar, Caesarion)  king of Egypt 044b?-030b; ruled jointly with Cleopatra VII; son of Julius Caesar & Cleopatra VII; killed by Augustus after battle of Actium 031b _047b-030b
Ptolemy Apion  king of Cyrene 116b-096b; ruled under protection of Rome; illegitimate son of Ptolemy VII _1XXb-096b
Ptolemy Eupator (also Ptolemy VI)  king of Egypt 181b; overthrown & killed by Ptolemy VII; son of Ptolemy V _191b?-181b
Ptolemy Keraunos (also Ceraunus, Ptolemy Ceraunus)  king of Macedonia 280b-279b; murdered Seleucus I Nicator; killed by Gauls; son of Ptolemy I Soter _3XXb-279b
Ptolemy [of Alexandria] (Claudius Ptolemaeus)  Gk. geocentric astronomer, geographer, & math.; wrote "Almagest"; estimated size of Earth _1XX
Puccini, Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria  It. operatic composer; composed operas "Manon Lescaut" 1893, "La Boheme" 1896, "Tosca" 1900, "Madame Butterfly" 1900, "The Girl of the Golden West" 1910, "Turandot" 1926 _1858-1924
Puckett, Kirby  US baseball player; played for Minnesota Twins 1984-- _1961--
Pueyrredon, Jose Martin de  Argentine polit.; head of state of Argentina 1816-1819; 1st head of state of independent Argentina _1777-1850
Pugachev, Emelian Ivanovich (also Yemelyan Pugachov)  Rus. Cossack imposter & rebel; pretended to be Peter III; led peasant rebellion; executed _1726-1775
Puget, Pierre  Fr. Baroque artist & sculptor _1620-1694
Pugo, Boris Karlovich  Latvian (Rus.-born) Soviet gen. & Communist polit.; Soviet interior minister 1990-1991; member of anti-Gorbachev putsch 1991; suicide _1937-1991
Puig, Manuel  Argentine nov.; wrote novels "Betrayed By Rita Hayworth" 1968, "Heartbreak Tango" 1970, "The Buenos Aires Affair" 1973, "Kiss of the Spider Woman" 1976, "Pubis Angelical" 1979, "Blood of Requited Love" 1984 _1932-1990
Pulaski, Casimir (also Kazimierz Pulaski)  Pol. gen.; fought in American Revolution _1748?-1779
Pulitzer, Joseph  US (Hung.-born) journalist & polit.; established Pulitzer Prizes _1847-1911
Pulitzer, Joseph Jr.  US newspaper editor & publisher; son of Joseph Pulitzer _1913-1993
Puller, Lewis Burwell (Chesty)  US Marine Corps gen. & hero _1898-1971
Puller, Lewis Burwell Jr.  US autobiographer & soldier; wrote "Fortunate Son: the Healing of a Vietnam Vet" 1991; suicide; son of Chesty Puller _1945-1994
Pullman, George Mortimer  US inventor _1831-1897
Pupin, Michael Idvorsky  US (Yugoslavian-born) inventor & phys. _1858-1935
Purcell, Edward Mills  US phys.; co-discovered nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR; also MRI) with Felix Bloch; NP Phys. 1952 _1912--
Purcell, Henry  Eng. composer _1659-1695
Purcell, John Baptist  US (Irish-born) archbishop; last bishop of Cincinnati 1832-1850; 1st archbishop of Cincinnati 1850-1883 _1800-1883
Purchas, Samuel  Eng. compiler of travel books _1577?-1626
Purkinje, Johannes Evangelista (also Johannes Purkyne)  Czechoslovakian anatomist, patriot, & physiologist _1787-1869
Purvis, Melvin  US lawman & FBI agent; killed John Dillinger & Pretty Boy Floyd _1903-1960
Pusey, Edward Bouverie  Eng. theol. of Oxford movement _1800-1882
Pusey, Nathan Marsh  US educator; pres. of Harvard Univ. 1953-1971 _1907--
Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich  Rus. national poet; wrote poems "Boris Godunov" 1825, "Eugene Onegin" 1831 (also "Yevgeny Onegin"), "The Bronze Horseman" 1833, story "The Queen of Spades" 1834; killed in duel _1799-1837
Putashali  regent of Mongol Empire 1332-1333; wife of Tog Temur Khan _13XX
Putnam, George Palmer  US publisher; grandfather of George Palmer Putnam _1814-1872
Putnam, George Palmer  US publisher; grandson of George Palmer Putnam; husband of Amelia Earhart 1931 _1887-1950
Putnam, [George] Herbert  US admin.; librarian of Congress 1899-1939 _1861-1955
Putnam, Israel  US gen. in American Revolution _1718-1790
Putnam, Rufus  US gen. in American Revolution; cousin of Israel Putnam _1738-1824
Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre Cecile  Fr. mural painter _1824-1898
Pu Yi (also P'u-i; Hsuan T'ung; Henry Pu-Yi; K'ang Te)  last emperor of China 1908-1912; abdicated; temporarily restored as emperor of China 1917 _1906-1967
Puzo, Mario  US nov. & screenwriter; wrote novel "The Godfather" 1969, co-wrote screenplays "The Godfather" 1972, "The Godfather, Part II" 1974, wrote screenplays "Superman" 1978, "The Godfather, Part III" 1990 _1920--
Pye, Henry James  Eng. poet; Brit. poet laureate 1790-1813 _1745-1813
Pyle, Ernest Taylor (Ernie)  US journalist _1900-1945
Pym, Francis Leslie, Baron  Brit. polit.; Brit. defense secy. 1979-1981; Brit. foreign secy. 1982-1983 _1922--
Pym, John  Eng. polit. _1584-1643
Pynchon, Thomas Ruggles Jr.  US nov.; wrote novels "V" 1963, "The Crying of Lot 49" 1966, "Gravity's Rainbow" 1973, "Mortality and Mercy in Vienna" 1976, "Low-Lands" 1978, "Vineland" 1989 _1937--
Pyrrhus  king of Epirus 306b-302b, 297b-272b; killed by mob; source of phrase "Pyrrhic victory" _319b-272b
Pythagoras  Gk. math., mystic, philos., & sci. _582b?-507b?
